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interacting neuronal networks make adaptive behavioral decisions. Further new avenues opened up by recent work on Lymnaea may lead to an understanding of how learning and homeostatic processes interact, to the building of sophisticated computer models of functional connectivity and interacting networks, and even to the development of applications to artificial complex systems. At a different level, the discovery and structural analysis of a glia-derived acetylcholine-binding protein that modulates synaptic transmission between identified neurons of the Lymnaea respiratory CPG has provided important cues to the structural basis of ligand binding in nicotinic acethylcholine receptors in vertebrates. This pioneering work in Lymnaea opened the way for new research that might lead to the development of new drugs involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptorassociated diseases. A recently initiated pilot sequencing project is expected to result in a cDNA sequence database from the CNS, and in turn, will potentially lead to a full genomic sequencing project of Lymnaea stagnalis.